Psoriasis

Causes, Management, and Advanced Treatments

 

Understanding Psoriasis – Causes and Symptoms

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by an overactive immune system, leading to the rapid growth of skin cells and the formation of red, scaly patches on the skin. While the exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

 

Common symptoms of psoriasis include:

• Red and salmon-pink coloured, raised, inflamed patches of skin
• Silvery-white scales or plaques on the skin
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning, or soreness
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints

General Lifestyle Measures for Psoriasis Management

Taking care of your skin and overall health can have a significant impact on managing psoriasis. Here are some general lifestyle measures that can help:

 

Keep your skin moisturised: Apply a fragrance-free moisturiser regularly, particularly after bathing, to lock in moisture and protect your skin.

Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid common psoriasis triggers, such as stress, infections, injuries to the skin, and certain medications.

Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help support your skin and immune system.

Manage stress: Stress can exacerbate psoriasis symptoms, so practice stress-reducing techniques.

Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake may worsen psoriasis symptoms, so it’s essential to drink responsibly.

 

Skincare for Psoriasis Relief

Suitable skincare is crucial for managing psoriasis symptoms. Here are some tips to help you maintain healthy skin:

• Choose gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturisers designed for sensitive skin.
• Avoid hot showers or baths, as they can strip your skin of natural oils.
• Pat your skin dry after bathing or showering instead of rubbing.
• Use a humidifier in your home to maintain a healthy humidity level.

 

Specialised Treatments for Psoriasis

For more severe cases of psoriasis, specialised treatments may be necessary. Your dermatologist may recommend one or more of the following treatments:

• Topical corticosteroids
• Topical Vitamin D analogues
• Topical retinoids
• Calcineurin inhibitors

 

Phototherapy for Psoriasis Treatment

Phototherapy, or light therapy, has proven to be an effective treatment option for managing psoriasis, particularly when other treatments like topical medications have not provided sufficient relief. Phototherapy harnesses the power of ultraviolet (UV) light to help reduce inflammation, slow down the rapid growth of skin cells, and alleviate psoriasis symptoms such as itch.

 

There are several types of phototherapy used to treat psoriasis:

• Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB): A widely used form of phototherapy for psoriasis, NB-UVB emits a specific wavelength of UVB light that effectively treats psoriasis symptoms with a lower risk of sunburn.
• Broadband UVB (BB-UVB): A less commonly used form of phototherapy that employs a broader range of UVB wavelengths, BB-UVB may be somewhat less effective and carry a higher risk of side effects compared to NB-UVB.
• PUVA (psoralen plus UVA): This treatment involves a combination of a photosensitising drug called psoralen, administered orally or topically, with UVA light exposure. PUVA is rarely used anymore and generally reserved for more severe cases of psoriasis or when other treatment options have been ineffective.

 

Phototherapy treatment plans typically consist of multiple sessions per week over several weeks, with the frequency and duration determined by your dermatologist based on your specific condition and treatment response. Although phototherapy is generally considered safe, potential side effects may include skin redness, burning sensations, and an increased risk of skin aging and skin cancer with long-term use. It is essential to discuss the risks and benefits with your dermatologist before initiating phototherapy treatment.