Melasma: Causes, Management, and Treatment Options

 

Understanding Melasma: Causes and Symptoms

Melasma is a common skin condition characterised by the development of irregular, patchy, and hyperpigmented areas on the skin. Typically, melasma appears on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, nose, and chin. The condition is more common in women and is often associated with hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or oral contraceptive use.

 

The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but various factors are believed to contribute to its development, including:

• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Sun exposure
• Certain medications (e.g., oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy)
• Inflammation or irritation of the skin

 

Preventative Measures and Skincare for Melasma

Although melasma can be challenging to treat, adopting preventative measures and appropriate skincare practices can help manage the condition. Here are some tips for preventing and managing melasma:

• Photoprotection: Protect your skin from the sun and visible light by using a broad-spectrum sunscreen which is tinted with iron oxide pigments and with an SPF of at least 30. Wear wide-brimmed hats and protective clothing to shield your skin from UV exposure.
• Gentle skincare products: Use gentle, non-irritating cleansers and moisturisers designed for sensitive skin. Avoid using harsh scrubs or exfoliants that can cause skin irritation.
• Monitor hormonal changes: If you suspect that hormonal fluctuations are contributing to your melasma, consult your healthcare provider about possible alternatives to hormone-based medications, such as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.
• Maintain a consistent skincare routine: Consistently taking care of your skin with appropriate cleansers, moisturisers, and sun protection can help prevent melasma from worsening.

 

Expert Melasma Treatments

If your melasma persists despite following preventative measures and skincare tips, professional treatments may be necessary. A dermatologist can evaluate your skin and recommend appropriate treatments, which may include:

• Topical lightening agents: Prescription-strength hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, tranexamic acid or glycolic acid can be used to lighten hyperpigmented areas.
• Oral tranexamic acid: This medication has shown promise in treating melasma by inhibiting the activation of melanocytes, reducing the production of melanin. However, it’s important to discuss the risks and benefits with your dermatologist before starting treatment.
• Chemical peels: A chemical peel containing glycolic acid or trichloroacetic acid can help exfoliate the skin and improve the appearance of melasma. This treatment should be performed by a qualified professional to avoid potential complications.
• Laser therapy: Certain laser treatments such as QS-YAG can help break down the pigment in melasma.

 

When to See a Dermatologist

If you’re struggling with melasma despite following preventative measures and skincare tips, it’s essential to consult a dermatologist. They can evaluate your skin, identify potential triggers, and recommend appropriate treatments to help manage the condition.